Venous Disease encompasses a range of conditions that affect the veins, leading to impaired blood return to the heart. Common conditions include varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). These disorders often arise from weakened vein walls, faulty valves, or blockages that cause blood to pool and increase venous pressure. This can result in pain, swelling, skin changes, and ulcerations.
Clinical Evaluation
Physical Examination: The healthcare provider will inspect the legs for swelling, visible varicose veins, skin discoloration, and ulcers.
Patient History: Collecting information on symptoms, medical history, lifestyle factors, and potential risk factors such as prolonged standing or immobility.
Diagnostic Tests
Doppler Ultrasound: A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to visualize blood flow in the veins and identify blockages or valve problems.
Venography: An imaging test where contrast dye is injected into the veins to provide a detailed view of the venous system.
Blood Tests: To check for clotting disorders or other underlying conditions contributing to venous disease.
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI): A comparison of blood pressure in the ankle and arm to assess blood flow and detect peripheral artery disease, which may coexist with venous disease.
Swelling in the legs or ankles (edema).
Pain or aching in the legs, especially after prolonged standing or sitting.
Visible varicose veins or spider veins.
Skin changes such as discoloration, thickening, or inflammation (dermatitis).
Ulcers or open sores on the legs, particularly around the ankles.
A feeling of heaviness or fatigue in the legs.
Itching or burning sensations in the affected areas.
Treatment for venous disease focuses on improving blood flow, alleviating symptoms, and preventing complications.
Compression Therapy: Wearing compression stockings helps reduce swelling and improve blood flow by applying pressure to the legs.
Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers, or anticoagulants (blood thinners) may be prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent blood clots.
Procedures: Minimally invasive procedures such as sclerotherapy, endovenous laser therapy (EVLT), or radiofrequency ablation can close or remove varicose veins. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, elevating the legs, and avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting can help manage symptoms and prevent progression.
Wound Care: Proper wound care, including cleaning, dressing, and sometimes debridement, is crucial for healing venous ulcers.
Management of Underlying Conditions: Controlling conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity can help manage venous disease and improve overall vascular health.